Fluoroalkylfluorophosphorane adducts

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to fluoroalkylfluorophosphorane adducts and the use thereof for masking OH groups in organic compounds.

The invention relates to perfluoroalkylfluorophosphorane adducts and the use thereof for masking OH groups in organic compounds.

Fluoroalkylfluorophosphoranes, in particular perfluoroalkylfluorophosphoranes, are strong Lewis acids which react very well with nucleophiles. WO 2008/092489 discloses, for example, the reaction of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride with tris(pentafluoroethyl)difluorophosphorane in acetonitrile, where the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)difluorochlorophosphate is formed.

However, the reaction of fluoroalkylfluorophosphoranes, in particular perfluoroalkylfluorophosphoranes, with oxygen-containing nucleophiles generally results in complex mixtures of compounds.

However, there continues to be a need in the area of the synthesis of chemical compounds to use fluoroalkylfluorophosphoranes, in particular perfluoroalkylfluorophosphoranes, as starting material also for the reaction with oxygen-containing nucleophiles.

Surprisingly, it has been found that the reactivity and thus the Lewis acidity of fluoroalkylfluorophosphoranes, in particular perfluoroalkylphosphoranes, can be controlled in a targeted manner by preparing adducts with suitable Lewis bases. These adducts are excellent starting materials for the reaction with oxygen-containing nucleophiles, and defined compounds and not complex mixtures are formed in the reaction.

The invention accordingly relates firstly to the compounds of the formula I

[P(R_(f))_(n)F_(5-n)D]⁻  I,

where R_(f) in each case, independently of one another, denotes a straight-chain or branched fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 8 C atoms, n denotes 1, 2 or 3 and

D denotes a Lewis base which contains at least one N atom, O atom or at least one P atom and the at least one N, O or P atom has a free electron pair or which contains at least one N—C(═O) group which coordinates to the P atom via the oxygen, and/or tautomers or stereoisomers, including mixtures thereof in all ratios.

A straight-chain or branched fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 8 C atoms is a partially fluorinated or perfluorinated straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 C atoms, i.e. in the case of a perfluorinated alkyl group all H atoms of this alkyl group have been replaced by F. In the case of a partially fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 8 C atoms, the alkyl group has at least one F atom, 1, 2, 3 or 4 H atoms are present and the other H atoms of this alkyl group have been replaced by F. Known straight-chain or branched alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl or n-octyl. Preferred examples of the partially fluorinated straight-chain or branched alkyl group R_(f) are CF₃—CHF—CF₂—, CF₂H—CF₂—, CF₃—CF₂—CH₂—, CF₃—CF₂—CH₂—CH₂—or CF₃—CF₂—CF₂—CF₂—CF₂—CF₂—CH₂—CH₂—.

A straight-chain or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 8 C atoms is, for example, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, heptafluoropropyl, heptafluoroisopropyl, n-nonafluorobutyl, sec-nonafluorobutyl, tert-nonafluoro-butyl, dodecafluoropentyl, 1-, 2- or 3-trifluoromethyloctafluorobutyl, 1,1-, 1,2- or 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)pentafluoropropyl, 1-pentafluoroethylhexafluoropropyl, n-tridecafluorohexyl, n-pentadecafluoroheptyl or n-heptadecafluorooctyl. Preferred examples of the perfluorinated alkyl group R_(f) are pentafluoroethyl, heptafluoropropyl, heptafluoroisopropyl, nonafluorobutyl, sec-nonafluorobutyl or tert-nonafluorobutyl.

The substituents R_(f) in the compounds of the formula I are preferably, in each case independently of one another, straight-chain or branched perfluoroalkyl groups having 1 to 8 C atoms, particularly preferably, in each case independently of one another, perfluoroalkyl groups having 1 to 4 C atoms, very particularly preferably, in each case independently of one another, perfluoroalkyl groups having 2 to 4 C atoms, especially very particularly preferably pentafluoroethyl or nonafluorobutyl. The substituents R_(f) in the compounds of the formula I are preferably identical.

The number n denotes 1, 2 or 3. n preferably stands for the number 2 or 3, very particularly preferably for the number 3.

Preferred Lewis bases D which have the desired properties are selected, for example, from the group aromatic amine, which has basic properties, dialkyl ether, aromatic or aliphatic tertiary phosphine, dialkylformamide, dialkylacetamide or N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone, where the said alkyl groups have, in each case independently of one another, 1 to 8 C atoms.

A straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 C atoms is, for example, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, butyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl, furthermore pentyl, 1-, 2- or 3-methylbutyl, 1,1-, 1,2- or 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl or n-octyl.

Preferred aromatic amines are, for example, pyridine, morpholine, piperazine, imidazole, oxazole or thiazole, each of which may be substituted by alkyl groups having 1 to 8 C atoms or dialkylamino groups, which each have, independently of one another, 1 to 8 C atoms. The aromatic amine is particularly preferably selected from the group pyridine, 4-methylpyridine or 4-dimethylaminopyridine.

A preferred dialkyl ether is diethyl ether.

Triphenylphosphine oxide (phenyl₃P═O) or trimethyl phosphate (methyl₃PO₄) can also be employed as Lewis base D.

Preferred aromatic or aliphatic tertiary phosphines are, for example, triphenylphosphine, diphenylmethylphosphine, trimethylphosphine, triethylphosphine, tri-i-propylphosphine, tributylphosphine, trihexylphosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine. A particularly preferred tertiary aliphatic phosphine is trimethylphosphine.

Preferred dialkylformamides are, for example, dimethylformamide, diethylformamide, dipropylformamide. A particularly preferred dialkylformamide is dimethylformamide.

Preferred dialkylacetamides are, for example, dimethylacetamide, diethylacetamide or dipropylacetamide.

Preferred N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidones are, for example, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-propyl-2-pyrrolidone or N-butyl-2-pyrrolidone.

Particularly preferred Lewis bases D are selected, for example, from the group aromatic amine or dialkylformamide, as described above.

Very particularly preferred Lewis bases are 4-dimethylaminopyridine or dimethylformamide. An especially very particularly preferred Lewis base is 4-dimethylaminopyridine.

The invention is furthermore directed to a process for the preparation of the compounds of the formula I, as described above or as preferably described, characterised in that a fluoroalkylfluorophosphorane of the formula II

(R_(f))_(n)PF_(5-n)   II,

where R_(f) in each case, independently of one another, denotes a straight-chain or branched fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 8 C atoms and n denotes 1, 2 or 3, is reacted with a Lewis base D, where the Lewis base contains at least one N atom, O atom or at least one P atom and the at least one N, O or P atom has a free electron pair, or contains at least one N—C(═O) group which coordinates to the P atom via the oxygen.

For the preferred meanings of the substituents R_(f), the number n and the Lewis base D, the comments as described above apply.

The preparation of perfluoroalkylfluorophosphoranes of the formula II can be carried out by conventional methods known to the person skilled in the art. These compounds are preferably prepared by electrochemical fluorination of suitable starting compounds [V. Y. Semenii et al.,1985, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 55 (12): 2716-2720; N. V. Ignatyev, P. Sartori, 2000, J. Fluorine Chem. 103: 57-61; WO 00/21969].

Fluoroalkylfluorophosphoranes can be obtained by free-radical addition of dialkyl phosphites, (RO)₂P(0)H or phosphines onto fluoroolefins [N. O. Brace, J. Org. Chem., 26 (1961), p. 3197-3201; P. Cooper, R. Fields, R. N. Haszeldine, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin I, 1975, p. 702-707; G. M. Burch, H. Goldwhite, R. N. Haszeldine, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, p. 1083-1091] or to fluoro-alkylolefins see P. Kirsch, Modern Fluoroorganic Chemistry, WILEY-VCH, 2004, p. 174], following a chlorination/fluorination or an oxidative fluorination. The reaction of the phosphorane of the formula II with the Lewis base, as described above or as preferably described, is carried out at temperatures of 0 to 80° C., preferably 15 to 30° C., in the presence of an organic solvent and in a water-free atmosphere.

Suitable solvents here are acetonitrile, dioxane, dichloromethane, dimethoxyethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran or dialkyl ethers, for example diethyl ether or methyl t-butyl ether.

The Lewis base D is preferably employed in excess, i.e. the added molar amount of Lewis base is greater than the molar amount of starting compound of the formula II, as described above.

The fluoroalkylfluorophosphorane adducts of the formula I, in particular the perfluoroalkylfluorophosphorane adducts of the formula I, can be isolated. However, they can also be reacted with nucleophiles in the reaction mixture of the preparation process.

The structure of the compounds of the formula I can be interpreted by way of example as follows, which describes the stereoisomeric variability of the position of the F and fluoroalkyl groups on the P. Base here denotes the Lewis base D.

In particular, the compounds of the formula I, as described above or as preferably described, can be reacted with nucleophiles which contain an oxygen atom.

The reaction of the compounds of the formula I, as described above, with water (HOH), an alcohol (ROH) or a carboxylic acid (RCOOH), for example, results in the preparation of defined compounds having a corresponding phosphate anion [P(R_(f))_(n)F_(5-n)X]⁻, where the proton liberated is scavenged and stabilised by the Lewis base, and X denotes OH, OR or OC(O)R, i.e. denotes the radical of the alcohol employed or of the carboxylic acid, and R_(f) and the number n have a meaning indicated above. Examples of such reactions are indicated in the example part.

However, the compounds of the formula I are also eminently suitable for masking OH groups of an organic compound.

The invention is therefore furthermore directed to a method for masking at least one OH group of an organic compound, characterised in that this compound is reacted with a compound of the formula I, as described above or as preferably described.

The choice of the organic compound is unrestricted, so long as the compound carries at least one OH group which is able to react with the compound of the formula I.

The organic compound containing at least one OH group is preferably an aliphatic or aromatic alcohol containing at least one OH group or an oligomeric or polymeric compound containing at least one OH group.

Suitable aliphatic or aromatic alcohols containing at least one OH group are methanol, ethanol, butanol, hexanol, octanol, allyl alcohol, phenol, hydroquinone, 1,2-ethanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2,3-propanetriol (glycerol), oxo compounds, such as, for example, glycerol aldehyde, or further polyols, i.e. compounds containing more than 3 OH groups.

The term polyols is applied to a group of organic compounds which contain a plurality of hydroxyl groups, here at least three OH groups. Polyols may have either a linear or cyclic structure.

From the group of the aliphatic or aromatic alcohols, so-called polyols are particularly preferred.

The polyols include, for example, D-threitol, L-threitol, erythrol, D-arabinitol, L-arabinitol, adonitol, xylitol, D-sorbitol, D-mannitol or galactitol. Furthermore, the term polyols also encompasses the group of the carbohydrates, including monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides or polyhydroxy acids thereof.

Monosaccharides are, for example, erythrose, threose, ribose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose, allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, idose, galactose, talose, dihydroxyacetone, erythrulose, ribulose, xylulose, psicose, fructose, sorbose, tagatose, including all stereoisomeric forms, in particular the D and L forms, and alpha- or beta-anomers.

Disaccharides are, for example, sucrose, lactose, trehalose, maltose or cellobiose.

Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates consisting of at least three carbohydrate units, for example raffinose or acarbose.

Polysaccharides are characterised in that they are composed of many carbohydrate units which form a macromolecule. Starch, glycogen or cellulose are, for example, polysaccharides.

The polyols also include polyester-polyols or polyether-polyols.

The organic compound containing at least one OH group is preferably a polyol or a polyethylene glycol.

Polyols can be described by the sub-formula [—CH₂CHOH—]_(n), having molecular weights between 5000 and 200,000, for example in polyvinyl alcohol, or as copolymer with other polymers, for example as poly-(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) [(CH₂CH₂)_(x)[CH₂CHOH]_(y) having molecular weights between 5000 and 200,000.

Polyethylene glycol is liquid or solid, depending on the chain length, and can be described by the formula H[—O—-(CH₂)₂—O]_(m)—H. Polyethylene glycols up to a chain length m of 600 monomer units are liquid. Solid from a chain length of 600 monomer units.

Polyols are particularly preferably masked. In the case of polyols, the masking of the OH groups can take place completely or partially, depending on the amount of compounds of the formula I employed, as described above or as preferably described. Through specific control of the amount of compounds of the formula I employed, a corresponding proportion of OH groups in the polyol can be specifically masked. The remaining OH groups are furthermore accessible to further derivatisation.

The following working examples are intended to explain the invention without limiting it. The invention can be carried out correspondingly throughout the range claimed. Possible variants can also be derived starting from the examples. In particular, the features and conditions of the reactions described in the examples can also be applied to other reactions which are not shown in detail, but fall within the scope of protection of the claims.

EXAMPLES

The substances obtained are characterised by means of mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectra are recorded using the Avance III 300 spectrometers, from Bruker, Karlsruhe. Acetone-d6 is used in a capillary as lock substance. The referencing is carried out using external reference: TMS for ¹H and ¹³C spectra; CCl₃F — for ¹⁹F and 80% H₃PO₄— for ³¹P spectra.

Example 1 Preparation of [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmap)]

2.8 g (22.9 mmol) of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine are initially introduced in 100 ml of diethyl ether, and 12.2 g (28.6 mmol) of (C₂F₅)₃PF₂ are slowly added. After stirring for 15 minutes, volatile constituents are removed in vacuo, leaving a colourless solid.

Yield (based on DMAP): 12.1 g (97%). Melting point: 150-153° C.

³¹P, δ, ppm=−144.5, t, quin, t, ¹J(PF)=986 Hz, ²J(PF_(cis))=107 Hz,

²J(PF_(trans))=97 Hz, assignment [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmap)] in diethyl ether.

¹⁹F, δ, ppm=−80.4 m (trans-CF₃); −81.6 m (cis-CF₃) ; −99.4 d (PF), ¹J(PF)=986 Hz, −111.5 m (br) (cis-CF₂), −115.3 d,m (trans-CF₂), ²J(PF)=95 Hz. Measurement in CDCl₃.

¹H, δ, ppm=3.2 s (N(CH₃)₂), 6.7 d (H2), ³J(HH)=7 Hz, 8.4 m (br) (H1) Measurement in CDCl₃.

¹³C, δ, ppm=38.6^(a) s (—N(CH₃)₂), 105.9^(a) s (C1), 116.7^(b) m (—CF₂CF₃), 118.2^(b) m (—CF₂CF₃), 138.9 ^(a) m (C2), 156.1 ^(a) s (C3). Measurement in CDCl3.

¹{¹H} ^(b){¹⁹F}

Elemental analysis data of [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmap)]

N C H calculated 5.11 28.48 1.84 experimental 4.91 28.63 1.67

Example 2 Preparation of [PPh₄][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OH]

0.96 g (1.75 mmol) of [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmap)] are initially introduced in ether, and excess water is added. After stirring for 30 minutes, 0.66 g (1.75 mmol) of [PPh₄]Cl, dissolved in 2 ml of water, are added, and the mixture is again stirred for 20 minutes. The aqueous phase is subsequently separated off, and the organic phase is extracted three times with water. The organic phase is dried in vacuo, leaving a colourless solid as residue. Yield (based on [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmap)]: 1.29 g (94%). Melting point: 139° C.

³¹P-NMR spectroscopic data of [PPh₄][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OH] in CD₃CN

³¹P, δ, ppm=23.2 s ([PPh₄][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OH]), −148.3 t, sept ([PPh₄][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OH]), ¹J(PF)=845 Hz, ²J(PF)=86 Hz.

¹⁹F (CD₃CN), δ, ppm=−80.1 m (trans-CF₃); −81.2 m (cis-CF₃); −86.6 d, m (PF), ¹J(PF)=846 Hz, −114.1 d(cis,trans-CF₂),²J(PF)=86 Hz.

¹H (CD₃CN), δ, ppm=5.1 t, d ([P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OH]), ³J(FH)=14 Hz, ²J(PH)=3 Hz, 7.8-8.1 m ([PPh₄]⁺).

¹³C (CD₃CN), δ, ppm=118.5^(a) d (C1), ¹J(PC)=90 Hz, 119.1 ^(b) m (—CF₂CF₃), 120.7^(b) m (—CF₂CF₃), 130.3^(a) d (C2), ²J(PC)=13 Hz, 134.7^(a) d (C3), ³J(PC)=10 Hz, 135.4^(a) d (C4), ⁴J(PC)=3 Hz.

^(a){¹H} ^(b){¹⁹F}

Elemental analysis data of [PPh₄][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OH]

C H calculated 46.05 2.71 experimental 46.40 2.79

Example 3 Preparation of [HDMAP][(C₂F₅)₃PF₂OC(O)CH₃]

0.52 g (0.96 mmol) of [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmap)] are initially introduced in dichloromethane. 0.19 g (3.17 mmol) of acetic acid are added at room temperature, and the reaction mixture is stirred for 3 hours. Volatile constituents are subsequently removed in vacuo, leaving a colourless solid. Yield (based on [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmap)]): 0.54 g (93%)

³¹P-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OC(O)CH₃] in CD₃CN

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment −146.3 t, quin, t ¹J(PF) = 915 [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OC(O)CH₃]⁻ ²J(PF_(cis)) = 103 ²J(PF_(trans)) = 84

¹⁹F-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP][(C₂F₅)₃PF₂OC(O)CH₃] in CD₃CN

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral −80.2 m — trans-CF₃ 1 −81.8 m — cis-CF₃ 2 −86.9 d, m ¹J(PF) = 923 PF 0.6 −115.3 d, m ²J(PF) = 85 trans-CF₂ — −116.0 d, m ²J(PF) = 103 cis-CF₂ —

¹H-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OC(O)CH₃] in CD₃CN

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral 1.9 s — —OC(O)CH₃ 1.6 3.2 s — —N(CH₃)₂ 3 6.9 d ³J(HH) = 7 H1 1 7.9 d ³J(HH) = 7 H2 1

¹³C-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OC(O)CH₃] in CD₃CN

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment  23.3 ^(a) s — —OC(O)CH₃  39.6 ^(a) s — —N(CH₃)₂ 107.1 ^(a) s — C1 116.7 ^(b) m — —CF₂CF₃ 120.0 ^(b) m — —CF₂CF₃ 138.6 ^(a) s — C2 157.7 ^(a) s — C3 166.3 ^(a) d ²J(PC) = 18 —OC(O)CH₃ ^(a) {¹H} ^(b) {¹⁹F}

Example 4 Preparation of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OPh]

0.52 g (0.95 mmol) of [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmap)] are initially introduced in diethyl ether. 0.13 g (1.34 mmol) of phenol are added at room temperature, and the reaction mixture is stirred for 12 hours. Two phases form. The solvent is removed in vacuo, leaving a clear, colourless liquid.

³¹P-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OPh] in CD₃CN

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment −147.5 t, quin, t ¹J(PF) = 893 [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OPh]⁻ ²J(PF_(cis)) = 98 ²J(PF_(trans)) = 84

¹⁹F-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OPh] in CD₃CN

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral −79.4 m — trans-CF₃ — −80.5 m — cis-CFs — −85.5 d, m ¹J(PF) = 896 PF — −111.5 d, m ²J(PF) = 97 cis-CF₂ — −112.7 d, m ²J(PF) = 79 trans-CF₂ —

¹H-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OPh] in CD₃CN

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral 3.4 s — —N(CH₃)₂ 3 6.7 d ³J(HH) = 7 H1 1 7.1 m — —OC₆H₅ 2.2 8.3 d ³J(HH) = 7 H2 1

¹³C-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OPh] in CD₃CN

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment  39.7 ^(a) s — —N(CH₃)₂ 106.9 ^(a) s — C1 115.2 ^(a) s — C5 118.1 ^(b) m — —CF₂CF₃ 119.7 ^(b) m — —CF₂CF₃ 120.4 ^(a) s — C6/7 128.9 ^(a) s — C6/7 138.8 ^(a) s — C2 157.0 ^(a) s — C4 157.6 ^(a) s — C3 ^(a) {¹H} ^(b) {¹⁹F}

Example 5 Preparation of [HDMAP]₂[{P(C₂F₅)₃F₂O}₂C₆H₄]

1.11 g (2 mmol) of [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmap)] are initially introduced in diethyl ether. 0.11 g (1 mmol) of hydroquinone are added at room temperature, and the reaction mixture is stirred for 4 hours. Volatile constituents are subsequently removed in vacuo, leaving a colourless solid. Yield (based on hydroquinone): 0.85 g (78%).

³¹P-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP]₂[{P(C₂F₅)₃F₂O}₂C₆H₄] in CD₃CN

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment −148.0 t, quin, t ¹J(PF) = 882 [{P(C₂F₅)₃F₂O}₂C₆H₄]²⁻ ²J(PF_(cis)) = 96 ²J(PF_(trans)) = 78

¹⁹F-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP]₂[{P(C₂F₅)₃F₂O}₂C₆H₄] in CD₃CN

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral −80.4 m — trans-CF₃ 1 −81.6 m — cis-CF₃ 2 −86.9 d, m ¹J(PF) = 881 PF 0.6 −112.9 d, m ²J(PF) = 98 cis-CF₂ 1.3 −113.9 d, m ²J(PF) = 80 trans-CF₂ 0.7

¹H-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP]₂[{P(C₂F₅)₃F₂O}₂C₆H₄] in CD₃CN

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral 3.1 s — —N(CH₃)₂ 3 6.8 m — H5/6 0.5 6.8 d ³J(HH) = 8 H1 1 7.9 d ³J(HH) = 8 H2 1

Elemental analysis data of [HDMAP]₂[{P(C₂F₅)₃F₂O}₂C₆H₄]

N C H calculated 4.67 32.07 1.51 experimental 4.73 32.40 2.26

Example 6 Preparation of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OEt]

10.6 g (230 mmol) of ethanol are initially introduced in 100 ml of Et₂O. 12.5 g (23 mmol) of [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmap)] are added at room temperature, and the mixture is stirred for 30 minutes. Volatile substances are subsequently removed overnight in vacuo, leaving a colourless solid. Yield (based on [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmap)]): 13.6 g (100%). Melting point: 75-78° C.

³¹P-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OEt] in CD₃CN

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment −149.4 t, sept ¹J(PF) = 869 [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OC₂H₅]⁻ ²J(PF) = 88

¹⁹F-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OEt] in CD₃CN

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral −80.6 m — trans-CF₃ 1 −81.8 m — cis-CF₃ 2 −94.5 d ¹J(PF) = 869 PF 0.6 −113.5 d, m ²J(PF) = 83 trans-CF₂ 0.6 −114.4 d, m ²J(PF) = 86 cis-CF₂ 1.3

¹H-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OEt] in CD₃CN

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral 1.1 t, d ³J(HH) = 7 —OCH₂CH₃ 1.4 ⁴J(PH) = 1 3.2 s — —N(CH₃)₂ 3 4.0 pseudo- ³J(PH) = 7 —OCH₂CH₃ 0.9 quin ³J(HH) = 7 5.3 s — —NH⁺ 1 6.8 d ³J(HH) = 7 H1 1 8.0 d ³J(HH) = 7 H2 1

¹³C-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OEt] in CD₃CN

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment  16.0 ^(a) d ³J(CP) = 10 —OCH₂CH₃  39.6 ^(a) s — (CH₃)₂N—  61.8 ^(a) m — —OCH₂CH₃ 107.1 ^(a) s — C1 118.8 ^(b) m — —CF₂CF₃ 122.5 ^(b) m — —CF₂CF₃ 138.5 ^(a) s — C2 157.9 ^(a) s — C3 ^(a) {¹H} ^(b) {¹⁹F}

Elemental analysis data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OEt]

N C H calculated 4.71 30.32 2.71 experimental 4.74 30.32 2.69

Example 7 Preparation of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OCH₂CF₃]

2.5 g (4.5 mmol) of [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmap)] are initially introduced in diethyl ether. 0.9 g (9.0 mmol) of trifluoroethanol are added at room temperature, and the reaction mixture is stirred for 12 hours. Volatile constituents are subsequently removed in vacuo, leaving a colourless solid. Yield (based on [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmap)]): 2.8 g (95%). Melting point: 91-93° C.

³¹P-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OCH₂CF₃] in CD₃CN

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment −149.9 t, sept ¹J(PF) = 886 [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OCH₂CF₃]⁻ ²J(PF) = 88

¹⁹F-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OCH₂CF₃] in CD₃CN

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral −75.4 s — [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OCH₂CF₃]⁻ 1 −79.6 m — trans-CF₃ 1 −80.8 m — cis-CF₃ 2 −93.8 d, m ¹J(PF) = 883 PF 0.5 −112.2 d, m — trans-, cis-CF₃ 2.2

¹H-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OCH₂CF₃] in CD₃CN

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral 3.2 s — —N(CH₃)₂ 3 4.4 quar, d ³J(FH) = 9 —OCH₂CF₃ 1 ³J(PH) = 4 6.8 d ³J(HH) = 7 H1 1 8.0 d — H2 1

¹³C-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OCH₂CF₃] in CD₃CN

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment  39.6 ^(a) s — —N(CH₃)₂  64.1 ^(a) m — —OCH₂CF₃ 106.9 ^(a) s — C1 118.8 ^(b) m — —CF₂CF₃ 120.4 ^(b) m — —CF₂CF₃ 124.5 ^(b) m — —OCH₂CF₃ 138.9 ^(a) s — C2 157.7 ^(a) s — C3 ^(a) {¹H} ^(b) {¹⁹F}

Elemental analysis data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OCH₂CF₃]

N C H calculated 4.32 27.79 2.02 experimental 4.47 28.10 1.64

Example 8 Preparation of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂ODec]

0.69 g (1.25 mmol) of [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmap)] are dissolved in Et₂O. 0.20 g (1.25 mmol) of 9-decen-1-ol are added at room temperature, and the mixture is stirred for 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture is subsequently dried in vacuo, leaving a clear viscous liquid. Yield (based on [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmap)]): 0.88 g (99%). Melting point: <20° C. ³¹P-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂ODec] in CDCl₃

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment −147.2 t, sept ¹J(PF) = 873 [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OC₁₀H₁₉]⁻ ¹J(PF) = 88

¹⁹F-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂ODec] in CDCl₃

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral −79.7 m — trans-CF₃ 1 −81.0 m — cis-CFs 2.1 −94.9 d, m ¹J(PF) = 876 PF 0.5 −113.0 d, m — cis-, trans-CF₂ 2.1

¹H-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂ODec] in CDCl₃

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral 1.2-1.6 m — H6-H10 5.7 1.5 t ³J(HH) = 7 H5 — 2.0 quin ³J(HH) = 7 H11 1 3.2 s — —N(CH₃)₂ 3 3.7 t ³J(HH) = 7 H4 0.6 4.9-5.0 m — H13 0.9 5.8 m — H12 0.5 6.7 d ³J(HH) = 7 H1 1 7.8 d ³J(HH) = 7 H2 1

¹³C{¹H}-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂ODec] in CDCl₃

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment 25.7; 28.9; s — C6-C10 29.0; 29.3; 29.4 32.8 s — C5 33.8 s — C11 40.0 s — —N(CH₃)₂ 63.2 s — C4 107.0 s — C1 114.1 s — C13 138.5 s — C2 139.3 s — C12 157.4 s — C3

Example 9 Preparation of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OC₂H₄OH]

0.60 g (1.1 mmol) of [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmap)] are initially introduced in diethyl ether. 0.10 g (1.6 mmol) of ethylene glycol are added at room temperature, and the reaction mixture is stirred for 24 hours. Volatile constituents are subsequently removed in vacuo, leaving a colourless solid. Yield (based on [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmap)]): 0.61 g (89%). Melting point: 88° C. (softening of the sample), 91° C. decomposition.

³¹P-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OC₂H₄OH]

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment −149.2 t, sept ¹J(PF) = 871 [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OC₂H₄OH]⁻ ²J(PF) = 86

¹⁹F-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OC₂H₄OH]

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral −79.3 m — trans-CF₃ 1 −80.4 m — cis-CFs 1.8 −93.2 d, m ¹J(PF) = 873 PF 0.3 −112.6 d, m ²J(PF) = 83 trans-, cis-CF₂ 1.8

¹H-NMR spectroscopic data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OC₂H₄OH]

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral 3.2 s — —N(CH₃)₂ 3 3.5 t ³J(HH) = 4 H5 0.8 4.0 pseudo-quar ³J(HH) = 4 H4 0.6 ³J(PH) = 4 6.8 d ³J(HH) = 8 H1 1 8.0 d ³J(HH) = 8 H2 1

¹³C-NMR spectroscopic data of [H DMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OC₂H₄OH]

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment  39.6 ^(a) s — —N(CH₃)₂  62.1 ^(a) d ²J(PC) = 9 C4  67.8 ^(a) s — C5 106.8 ^(a) s — C1 116.7 ^(b) m — —CF₂CF₃ 120.6 ^(b) m — —CF₂CF₃ 138.6 ^(a) s — C2 157.6 ^(a) s — C3 ^(a) {¹H} ^(b) {¹⁹F}

Elemental analysis data of [HDMAP][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OC₂H₄OH]

N C H calculated 4.59 29.52 2.64 experimental 4.62 29.54 2.28

Example 10 Preparation of [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmf)]

0.12 g (1.7 mmol) of DMF are initially introduced in about 15 ml of diethyl ether, and 1.02 g (2.4 mmol) of (C₂F₅)₃PF₂ are added. The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 45 minutes. The solvent and excess (C₂F₅)₃PF₂ are subsequently removed in vacuo, leaving a colourless solid. Yield (based on DMF): 0.84 g (99%).

³¹P-NMR spectroscopic data of [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmf)] in DMF

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment −142.1 t, t, quin ²J(PF) = 960 [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmf)] J(PF_(trans)) = 87 ²J(PF_(cis)) = 103

¹⁹F-NMR spectroscopic data of [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmf)] in DMF

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral −81.4 m — trans-CF₃ 1 −82.4 m — cis-CF₃ 2 −92.6 d, m (br) ¹J(PF) = 947 PF 0.3 −113.8 m (br) — cis-CF₂ 1 −116.4 d ²J(PF) = 88 trans-CF₂ 0.6

¹H-NMR spectroscopic data of [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmf)] in DMF

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral 2.7 s — CH₃ (a) 1 3.1 s — CH₃ (b) 0.9 8.4 s — [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(OCHNMe₂)] 0.3

¹³C-NMR spectroscopic data of [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmf)] in DMF

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment  34.6 ^(a) (hidden) — CH₃ (a)  39.8 ^(a) quar ¹J(CH) = 143 CH₃ (b) 117.0 ^(b) d, m ¹J(CP) = 249 —CF₂CF₃ 119.0 ^(b) d, m ²J(CP) = 30 —CF₂CF₃ 163.2 ^(a) d ¹J(CH) = 218 [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(OCHNMe₂)] ^(a) {¹H} ^(b) {¹⁹F}

Example 11 Reaction of [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmf)] with H₂O

A few drops of water are added to [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmf)] in DMF. The reaction solution is investigated by NMR spectroscopy.

³¹P-NMR spectroscopic data of [H(dmf)_(n)][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OH] in Aceton-d₆

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment −147.9 t, sept ¹J(PF) = 847 [H(dmf)_(n)][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OH] ²J(PF) = 86

¹⁹F-NMR spectroscopic data of [H(dmf)_(n)][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OH] in acetone-d₆

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral −80.5 m — trans-CF₃ 1 −81.5 m — cis-CF₃ 1.9 −87.0 d, m ¹J(PF) = 839 PF 0.6 −114.5 d ²J(PF) = 85 cis-, trans-CF₂ 1.9

¹H-NMR spectroscopic data of [H(dmf)_(n)][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OH] in acetone-d₆

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral 2.7 s — CH₃ (a) 1.1 3.0 s — CH₃ (b) 1 8.8 s — [H(OHCNMe₂)_(n)] —

Example 12 Reaction of [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmf)] with EtOH

A few drops of ethanol are added to [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(dmf)] in DMF. The reaction solution is investigated by NMR spectroscopy.

³¹P-NMR spectroscopic data of [H(dmf)_(n)][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OEt] in DMF

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment −148.6 t, pseudo-sept ¹J(PF) = 871 [H(dmf)_(n)][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OEt]

¹⁹F-NMR spectroscopic data of [H(dmf)_(n)][P(C₂F₅)₃F₂OEt] in DMF

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral −79.2 m — trans-CF₃ 1 −80.5 m — cis-CF₃ 1.9 −93.1 d, m ¹J(PF) = 871 PF 0.6 −112.3 d, m ²J(PF) = 83 trans-CF₂ — −113.1 d, m ²J(PF) = 86 cis-CF₂ —

Example 13 Reaction of (C₄F₉)₃PF₂ with DMF

(C₄F₉)₃PF₂ is added to excess DMF. The reaction solution is investigated by NMR spectroscopy.

³¹P-NMR spectroscopic data of [P(C₄F₉)₃F₂(dmf)] in DMF

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment −135.5 t, m ¹J(PF) = 999 [P(C₄F₉)₃F₂(dmf)] ²J(PF) = 102

¹⁹F-NMR spectroscopic data of [P(C₄F₉)₃F₂(dmf)] in DMF ^(a)

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral −82.1 s — CF₃ — −108.1-−126.2 m — CF₂ —

^(a) The resonance of the fluorine atoms bonded to the phosphorus atom is covered by other resonances.

¹H-NMR spectroscopic data of [P(C₄F₉)₃F₂(dmf)] in DMF

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral 2.7 s — CH₃ (a) 0.9 3.1 s — CH₃ (b) 1 8.4 s — [P(C₄F₉)₃F₂(OCHNMe₂)] 0.3

Example 14 Reaction of [P(C₄F₉)₃F₂(dmf)] with EtOH

A few drops of ethanol are added to [P(C₄F₉)₃F₂(dmf)] in DMF. The reaction mixture is investigated by NMR spectroscopy.

³¹P-NMR spectroscopic data of [H(dmf)_(n)][P(C₄F₉)₃F₂OEt] in DMF

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment −143.3 t, m ¹J(PF) = 903 [H(dmf)_(n)][P(C₄F₉)₃F₂OEt] ²J(PF) = 88

¹⁹F-NMR spectroscopic data of H[P(C₄F₉)₃F₂OEt]. nDMF in DMF

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral −82.3 m — CF₃ — −92.3 d, m ¹J(PF) = 899 PF — −109.6-−127.6 m — CF₂ —

Example 15 Preparation of [P(C₂F₅)₂F₃(dmf)]

0.09 g (1.2 mmol) of DMF are initially introduced in about 15 ml of diethyl ether, and 1.5 mmol of (C₂F₅)₂PF₃ are condensed on. The reaction mixture is investigated by NMR spectroscopy. Two conformers, IIb and Ib, form on slow thawing. IIb is converted into Ib within a few hours at room temperature. After stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes, the solvent is removed in vacuo, leaving a colourless solid. Yield (based on DMF): 0.47 g (97%).

³¹P-NMR spectroscopic data of the two conformers of [P(C₂F₅)₂F₃(dmf)] in DMF

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment −146.6 d, t, quin, d ¹J(PF_(A)) = 847 [P(C₂F₅)₂F₃(dmf)] (IIb) ¹J(PF_(B)) = 922 ²J(PF) = 95 ³J(PH) = 7 −148.7 d, t, quin ¹J(PF_(A)) = 947 [P(C₂F₅)₂F₃(dmf)] (Ib) ¹J(PF_(B)) = 986 ²J(PF) = 108

¹⁹F-NMR spectroscopic data of the two conformers of [P(C₂F₅)₂F₃(dmf)] in DMF

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral −58.7 d, m ¹J(PF_(A)) = 848 PF_(A) (IIb) 0.3 −69.1 d, m ¹J(PF_(A)) = 948 PF_(A) (Ib) 0.8 −74.9 d, d, m ¹J(PF_(B)) = 987 PF_(B) (Ib) 1.7 ²J(F_(B)F_(A)) = 45 −76.2 d, d, m ¹J(PF_(B)) = 922 PF_(B) (IIb) 0.7 ²J(F_(B)F_(A)) = 46 −82.7 m — CF₃ (IIb) 1.0 −83.4 m — CF₃ (IIb)/CF₃ (Ib) 6.2 −117.5 d, m ²J(PF) = 95 CF₂ (IIb) 0.6 −118.7 d, d, t, m ²J(PF) = 108 CF₂ (Ib) 3.4 ³J(FF_(A)) = 10 ³J(FF_(B)) = 11 −119.5 d, m ²J(PF) = 93 CF₂ (IIb) 0.6

¹H-NMR spectroscopic data of the two conformers of [P(C₂F₅)₂F₃(dmf)] in DMF

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral 2.1 s — CH₃ (a) (IIb) 0.3 2.1 s — CH₃ (a) (Ib) 1 2.4 s — CH₃ (b) (IIb) 0.2 2.5 s — CH₃ (b) (Ib) 1 7.8 s — [P(C₂F₅)₂F₃(OCHNMe₂)] (Ib) 0.3 10.5 s (br) — [P(C₂F₅)₂F₃(OCHNMe₂)] (IIb) —

¹³C-NMR spectroscopic data of the two conformers of [P(C₂F₅)₂F₃(dmf)] in DMF

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment  35.0 ^(a) (hidden) — CH₃ (a) (Ib)  40.0 ^(a) quar ¹J(CH) = 144 CH₃ (b) (Ib) 115.5 ^(b) d, m ¹J(CP) = 329 −CF₂CF₃ 119.4 ^(b) d, m ²J(CP) = 32 −CF₂CF₃ 163.4 ^(a) d, t ¹J(CH) = 214 [P(C₂F₅)₂F₃(OCHNMe₂)] (Ib) ^(a) {¹H} ^(b) {¹⁹F}

Example 16 Reaction of [P(C₂F₅)₂F₃(dmf)] with H₂O

Water is condensed onto a solution of [P(C₂F₅)₂F₃(dmf)] (Ib) in DMF at −196° C. The reaction mixture is warmed to room temperature and investigated by NMR spectroscopy.

³¹P-NMR spectroscopic data of [H(dmf)_(n)][P(C₂F₅)₂F₃OH] in DMF

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment −154.4 d, t, quin ¹J(PF_(A)) = 910 [H(dmf)_(n)][P(C₂F₅)₂F₃OH] ¹J(PF_(B)) = 926 ²J(PF) = 108

¹⁹F-NMR spectroscopic data of [H(dmf)_(n)][P(C₂F₅)₂F₃OH] in DMF

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral −63.2 d, m ¹J(PF) = 910 PF_(A) 0.6 −76.0 d, d, m ¹J(PF) = 926 PF_(B) 2 ²J(FF) = 46 −83.4 d, t ³J(PF) = 11 CF₃ 6 ³J(FF) = 7 −118.9 d, quar ²J(PF) = 103 CF₂ 4 ³J(FF) = 10

Example 17 Reaction of [P(C₂F₅)₂F₃(dmf)] with EtOH

Ethanol is condensed onto a solution of [P(C₂F₅)₂F₃(dmf)] (Ib) in DMF at −196° C. The reaction mixture is warmed to room temperature and investigated by NMR spectroscopy.

³¹P-NMR spectroscopic data of [H(dmf)_(n)][P(C₂F₅)₂F₃OEt] in DMF

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment −152.6 d, t, quin ¹J(PF_(A)) = 860 [H(dmf)_(n)][P(C₂F₅)₂F₃OEt] ¹J(PF_(B)) = 876 ²J(PF) = 94

¹⁹F-NMR spectroscopic data of [H(dmf)_(n)][P(C₂F₅)₂F₃OEt] in DMF

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral −57.2 d, m ¹J(PF) = 860 PF_(A) 1 −78.5 d, d, m ¹J(PF) = 876 PF_(B) 2.5 ²J(FF) = 47 −83.5 d, t ³J(PF) = 13 CF₃ 8 ³J(FF) = 7 −119.3 d, d, t ²J(PF) = 94 CF₂ 5 ³J(FF_(A)) = 16 ³J(FF_(B)) = 8

Example 18 Reaction of (C₂F₅)₃PF₂. DMAP with 2-[2-(aminoethyl)-amino]ethanol

Experimental Procedure:

6.50 g (11.86 mmol) of (C₂F₅)₃PF₂. DMAP in 80 ml of dichloromethane are initially introduced in a 100 ml Schlenk flask under protective gas, and 1.23 g (11.86 mmol) of 2-[2-(aminoethyl)amino]ethanol are added dropwise to the solution at 0° C. After the addition, the ice bath is removed, and the mixture is stirred at RT overnight. ¹⁹F- and ³¹P-NMR reaction checks are recorded next morning.

The reaction solution is then freed from CH₂Cl₂ and all volatile constituents in vacuo, leaving a slightly yellow powder.

Crude yield: 7.71 g (91.7% of theory)

If the reaction is carried out in DMF instead of in CH₂Cl₂, another isomer forms in which the two F atoms on the phosphorus are different.

NMR data: in CD₂Cl₂

Nucleus δ (ppm) Splitting Coupling Assignment ³¹P −148.9 t, sept ¹J_(PF) = 879 —PF₂(C₂F₅)₃ ²J_(PF) = 87 ¹⁹F −94.6 d ¹J_(PF) = 879 —PF₂(CF₂CF₃)₃ −81.2 m —PF₂(CF₂CF₃)₃ (6F) −80.0 m —PF₂(CF₂CF₃)₃ (3F) −113.4 m —PF₂(CF₂CF₃)₃ (4F) −113.7 m —PF₂(CF₂CF₃)₃ (2F) ¹H 8.02 d ³J_(HH) = 7.0 DMAP (2H) 6.67 d ³J_(HH) = 7.0 DMAP (2H) 5.61 s, br 4H 4.19 m 2H 3.13 s DMAP (6H) 2.89 m 6H ¹³C 155.9 s DMAP 144.1 s DMAP 106.8 s DMAP 63.2 m —O—CH₂— 48.9 d ³J_(CP) = 8.7 —O—CH₂—CH₂—N— 48.1 s H₂N—(CH₂)₂—N— 39.2 s DMAP 38.2 s H₂N—(CH₂)₂—N—

Example 19 Reaction of (C₂F₅)₃PF₂. DMAP with ethyl 6-hydroxyhexanoate

Experimental Procedure:

3.30 g (6.02 mmol) of (C₂F₅)₃PF₂. DMAP in 40 ml of dichloromethane are initially introduced in a 100 ml Schlenk flask under protective gas, and 0.96 g (6.02 mmol) of ethyl 6-hydroxyhexanoate is added dropwise to the solution at 0° C. After the addition, the ice bath is removed, and the mixture is stirred at RT overnight. ¹⁹F- and ³¹P-NMR reaction checks are recorded next morning.

The reaction solution is freed from CH₂Cl₂ and all volatile constituents in vacuo, leaving an orange oil.

Crude yield: 4.2 g (98.6% of theory

NMR data: in CD₂Cl₂

Nucleus δ (ppm) Splitting Coupling Assignment ³¹P −147.9 t, sept ¹J_(PF) = 870 —PF₂(C₂F₅)₃ ²J_(PF) = 89 ¹⁹F −94.4 d ¹J_(PF) = 870 —PF₂(CF₂CF₃)₃ −80.9 m —PF₂(CF₂CF₃)₃ (6F) 79.8 m —PF₂(CF₂CF₃)₃ (3F) −113.0 m —PF₂(CF₂CF₃)₃ (4F) −113.3 m —PF₂(CF₂CF₃)₃ (2F) ¹H 7.92 d ³J_(HH) = 7.0 DMAP (2H) 6.80 d ³J_(HH) = 7.0 DMAP (2H) 4.13 q —O—CH₂CH₃ (2H) 3.99 q —O—(CH₂)₄—CH₂— (2H) 3.26 s DMAP (6H) 2.32 t ³J_(HH) = 7.4 —O—(CH₂)₄—CH₂— 1.62 m C(O)— (2H) 1.53 m —O—(CH₂)₄—CH₂— (2H) 1.32 m —O—(CH₂)₄—CH₂— (2H) 1.27 t ³J_(H) = 7.0 —O—(CH₂)₄—CH₂— (2H) —O—CH₂—CH₃ (3H) ¹³C 174.8 s —C(O)— 157.5 s DMAP 138.4 s DMAP 107.1 s DMAP 66.8 m —O—CH₂—(CH₂)₄— 60.5 s —O—CH₂CH₃ 40.0 s DMAP 34.3 s —O—CH₂—CH₂— 30.7 d ³J_(PC) = 8.1 (CH₂)₃— 25.2 s —O—CH₂—CH₂— 24.7 s (CH₂)₃— 13.8 s —O—CH₂—CH₂— (CH₂)₃— —O—CH₂—CH₂— (CH₂)₃— —O—CH₂—CH₃

Example 20 (C₂F₅)₃PF₂. DMAP with ethanolamine

4.27 g (7.79 mmol) of (C₂F₅)₃PF₂. DMAP in 60 ml of dichloromethane are initially introduced in a 100 ml Schlenk flask under protective gas, and 0.48 g (7.79 mmol) of ethanolamine is added dropwise to the solution at 0° C. After the addition, the ice bath is removed, and the mixture is stirred at RT overnight. ¹⁹F- and ³¹P-NMR reaction checks are recorded next morning.

The reaction solution is then freed from CH₂Cl₂ and all volatile constituents in vacuo, leaving a slightly yellow powder.

Crude yield: 4.55 g (95.8% of theory)

NMR data: in CD₂Cl₂

Nucleus δ (ppm) Splitting Coupling Assignment ³¹P −148.4 t, sept ¹J_(PF) = 875 —PF₂(C₂F₅)₃ ²J_(PF) = 87 ¹⁹F −94.7 d ¹J_(PF) = 875 —PF₂(CF₂CF₃)₃ −81.3 m —PF₂(CF₂CF₃)₃ (6F) −80.0 m —PF₂(CF₂CF₃)₃ (3F) −113.3 m —PF₂(CF₂CF₃)₃ (4F) −113.5 m —PF₂(CF₂CF₃)₃ (2F) ¹H 8.00 d ³J_(HH) = 5.2 DMAP (2H) 7.73 s, br —NH₂ (2H) 6.73 d ³J_(HH) = 5.2 DMAP (2H) 4.15 m —O—(CH₂)— 3.19 s NH₂(2H) 2.94 m DMAP (6H) 156.7 s —O—(CH₂)— 141.4 s NH₂(2H) ¹³C 106.9 s DMAP 65.2 m DMAP 41.8 d DMAP 39.6 s ³J_(CP) = 8.7 —O—CH₂—CH₂— NH₂ —O—CH₂—CH₂— NH₂ DMAP

Note:

If the reaction is carried out in DMF instead of in CH₂Cl₂, another isomer forms in which the two F atoms on the phosphorus are different.

Example 21 Reaction of (C₂F₅)₃PF₂. DMAP with 2-methoxyethanol

3.86 g (7.04 mmol) of (C₂F₅)₃PF₂. DMAP in 60 ml of dichloromethane are initially introduced in a 100 ml Schlenk flask under protective gas, and 0.54 g (7.04 mmol) of 2-methoxyethanol is added dropwise to the solution at 0° C. After the addition, the ice bath is removed, and the mixture is stirred at RT overnight. ¹⁹F- and ³¹P-NMR reaction checks are recorded next morning. The reaction solution is then freed from CH₂Cl₂ and all volatile constituents in vacuo, leaving a slightly yellow powder.

Crude yield: 4.38 g (99.8% of theory)

NMR data: in CD₂Cl₂

Nucleus δ (ppm) Splitting Coupling Assignment ³¹P −147.8 t, sept ¹J_(PF) = 878 —PF₂(C₂F₅)₃ ²J_(PF) = 89 ¹⁹F −94.8 d ¹J_(PF) = 878 —PF₂(CF₂CF₃)₃ −81.0 m —PF₂(CF₂CF₃)₃ (6F) −79.9 m —PF₂(CF₂CF₃)₃ (3F) −113.2 m —PF₂(CF₂CF₃)₃ (4F) −113.5 m —PF₂(CF₂CF₃)₃ (2F) ¹H 8.03 d ¹J_(HH) = 6.3 DMAP (2H) 6.75 d ¹J_(HH) = 6.3 DMAP (2H) 4.27 m —O—(CH₂)₂—O— 3.62 m CH₃(2H) 3.32 s —O—(CH₂)₂—O— 3.24 s CH₃(2H) 157.3 s —O—CH₃ 139.3 s DMAP (6H) ¹³C 106.6 s DMAP 73.5 d ³J_(CP) = 7.9 DMAP 65.6 m DMAP 57.6 s —O—CH₂—CH₂— 40.1 s O—CH₃ —O—CH₂—CH₂— O—CH₃ —O—CH₃ DMAP

Example 22 Reaction of (C₂F₅)₃PF₂ with PMe₃

(C₂F₅)₃PF₂ is dissolved in diethyl ether, and excess PMe₃ is condensed on at −196° C. The reaction solution is warmed to room temperature and investigated by NMR spectroscopy.

³¹P{¹H}-NMR spectroscopic data of the two conformers of [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(PMe₃)] in Et₂O

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment 24.5 d, t, quin, ¹J(PP) = 302 [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(PMe₃)] (IIa) m ²J(PF) = 215 ³J(PF) = 25 16.3 m — [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(PMe₃)] (IIIa) −134.8 d, d, quin, ¹J(PF_(A)) = 923 [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(PMe₃)] (IIIa) t, d ¹J(PF_(B)) = 853 ²J(PF) = 102 ²J(PF) = 76 ¹J(PP) = 53 −141.9 t, quin, t, ¹J(PF) = 889 [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(PMe₃)] (IIa) d ²J(PF) = 96 ²J(PF) = 68 ¹J(PP) = 303

¹⁹F-NMR spectroscopic data of the two conformers of [P(C₂F₅)₃F₂(PMe₃)] in Et₂O

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral −28.6 d, d, m ¹J(P_(A)F) = 885 PF (IIa) 2.2 ²J(P_(B)F) = 215 −29.6 d, m ¹J(P_(A)F) = 923 PF_(A) (IIIa) 3.3 −60.0 d, d, m ¹J(P_(A)F) = 853 PF_(B) (IIIa) 3.7 ²J(P_(B)F) = 140 −81.3 m — — 14.1 −81.7 m — — 16.2 −82.4 m — — 37.5 −103.9 m — — 9.8 −104.6 m — — 4.5 −105.7 m — — 8.9 −106.4 m — — 3.2 −107.5 m — — 0.5 −110.6 m — — 8.5 −114.7 m — — 4.3

Example 23 Reaction of (C₂F₅)₂PF₃ with PMe₃

(C₂F₅)₂PF₃ is dissolved in diethyl ether, and excess PMe₃ is condensed on at −196° C. The reaction solution is warmed to room temperature and investigated by NMR spectroscopy.

³¹P{¹H}-NMR spectroscopic data of the two conformers of [P(C₂F₅)₂F₃(PMe₃)] in Et₂O

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment 19.5 d, d, t, m ¹J(PP) = 463 [P(C₂F₅)₂F₃(PMe₃)] (IIb) ²J(PF_(A)) = 268 ²J(PF_(B)) = 147 10.9 m — [P(C₂F₅)₂F₃(PMe₃)] (Ib) −139.2 d, t, d, ¹J(PF_(A)) = 907 [P(C₂F₅)₂F₃(PMe₃)] (Ib) quin ¹J(PF_(B)) = 956 ¹J(PP) = 71 ²J(PF) = 118 −140.0 d, t, d, m ¹J(PF_(A)) = 949 [P(C₂F₅)₂F₃(PMe₃)] (IIb) ¹J(PF_(B)) = 947 ¹J(PP) = 465 ²J(PF) = 104

¹⁹F-NMR spectroscopic data of the two conformers of [P(C₂F₅)₂F₃(PMe₃)] in Et₂O

δ, ppm Multiplicity J[Hz] Assignment Integral −21.9 d, d, m ¹J(P_(A)F) = 945 PF_(A) (IIb) 0.3 ²J(P_(B)F) = 268 −48.6 d, m ¹J(PF) = 907 PF_(A) (Ib) 1 −70.5 d, d, m ¹J(PF) = 957 PF_(B) (Ib) 2 ²J(FF) = 92 −72.2 d, d, d, m ¹J(PF) = 948 PF_(B) (IIb) 0.8 ²J(PF) = 146 ²J(FF) = 55 −80.4 m — CF₃ (IIb) 1 −82.0 d, quar, d ³J(PF) = 21 CF₃ (Ib) 6 ⁴J(FF) = 5 ⁴J(P_(B)F) = 1 −82.4 m — CF₃ (IIb) 1.1 −112.5 d, quar ²J(PF) = 119 CF₂ (Ib) 4 ³J(FF) = 15 −117.0 d, m ²J(PF) = 95 CF₂ (IIb) — −118.1 d, m ²J(PF) = 105 CF₂ (IIb) — 

1. Compounds of the formula I [P(R_(f))_(n)F_(5-n)D]⁻  I, where R_(f) in each case, independently of one another, denotes a straight-chain or branched fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 8 C atoms, n denotes 1, 2 or 3 and D denotes a Lewis base which contains at least one N atom, O atom or at least one P atom and the at least one N, O or P atom has a free electron pair or which contains at least one N—C(═O) group which coordinates to the P atom via the oxygen, and/or tautomers or stereoisomers, including mixtures thereof in all ratios.
 2. Compounds of the formula I according to claim 1, characterised in that D denotes an aromatic amine, a dialkyl ether, an aromatic or aliphatic tertiary phosphine, a dialkylformamide, dialkylacetamide or N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone, where the said alkyl groups have, in each case independently of one another, 1 to 8 C atoms.
 3. Compounds of the formula I according to claim 1, characterised in that D denotes 4-dimethylaminopyridine or dimethylformamide.
 4. Process for the preparation of the compounds of the formula I according to claim 1, characterised in that a fluoroalkylfluorophosphorane of the formula II (R_(f))_(n)PF₅₋₁   II, where R_(f) in each case, independently of one another, denotes a straight-chain or branched fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 8 C atoms and n denotes 1, 2 or 3, is reacted with a Lewis base D, where the Lewis base contains at least one N atom, O atom or at least one P atom and the at least one N, O or P atom has a free electron pair, or contains at least one N—C(═O) group which coordinates to the P atom via the oxygen.
 5. Process according to claim 4, characterised in that the perfluoroalkylfluorophosphorane or the Lewis base is employed in excess.
 6. Method for masking at least one OH group of an organic compound, characterised in that this compound is reacted with a compound of the formula I according to claim
 1. 7. Method according to claim 6, characterised in that the compound containing at least one OH group is an aliphatic or aromatic alcohol containing at least one OH group or is an oligomeric or polymeric compound containing at least one OH group.
 8. Method according to claim 6, characterised in that the compound containing at least one OH group is a polyol or a polyethylene glycol. 